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Rammed earth mosque at Al Kaaban Resort, Qatar — a layered conical minaret glowing from warm interior light at dusk
In-situ rammed earth — United Arab Emirates · Saudi Arabia · Qatar

Rammed Earth

The oldest wall we know how to build.

Earth, compacted in lifts between forms, until it becomes a wall. The one method we practise that is finished the moment it is built — and the one that asks the most of the engineering behind it.

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Al Kaaban Resort, Qatar — in-situ rammed earth mosque, built by our own crews. Photography: Conmarble
Read the wall

Every band is one lift — a layer of graded earth placed and compacted before the next goes on. The rhythm is set on the mock-up and repeated up the whole wall.

One of the few

In-situ rammed earth is rare in this region. We are one of a small number of contractors who build it here, with our own crews rather than a subcontracted team.

Gold at Expo 2023

The UAE Pavilion in Doha — a complete pavilion in in-situ rammed earth — took the Gold Award for Best Self-Built Pavilion.

What it is

Rammed earth is exactly what the name says: graded soil, moistened to a precise water content and compacted in horizontal lifts inside formwork until it reaches strength. The banding you see in a finished wall is the record of how it was built.

Very few contractors in this region can deliver complete rammed earth projects. We are one of them, and we built the UAE Pavilion at Expo 2023 Doha in it — which took the Gold Award for Best Self-Built Pavilion.

What we offer

In-situ stabilised rammed earth Site-batched, cement and lime stabilised, monolithic. Non-structural walls with the building structure integrated within the wall itself: the earth envelopes the columns. Ramming clearance of 17 cm each side of a column means a 300 mm column requires a wall of at least 640 mm.
In-situ unstabilised rammed earth Clay-bound, no cement. The same integration principle, with 20 cm clearance each side, so a 300 mm column requires at least 700 mm of wall.
Precast panels, backed Stabilised rammed earth panels backed with precast concrete or ultra-high-performance concrete. Total thickness 200–400 mm depending on the backing. UHPC-backed panels to 6 m, standard panel height 1.2 m.
Precast panels, un-backed Solid panels, minimum 450 mm thick, up to 3 m wide and ideally under 2.5 m. These are not hung; they start from the ground and stack bearing one on another.
Rammed earth plaster Where the aesthetic is wanted without the wall, our Rammed Earth Finish delivers stratified banding at 7–10 mm as a plaster.

Mix design is the project

Every rammed earth wall begins with the soil. We test it, run multiple trial mixes, and Ahmad signs the final mix design personally before anything is built.

We design to code — NZS 4297, 4298 and 4299, Australian HB 195, and Houben & Guillaud. We aim to win at least 30% of the mixture from the site itself, and to draw quarried material from within 50 km, because transport is where an earth wall's carbon footprint actually sits.

Our house rules, learned the hard way

Coarse sand, not fine. Fine sand leaves the surface vulnerable to erosion.

Total sand capped at 40% of the mix.

Aim for self-coloured earth first; pigment only where the design demands it.

Grind and sieve pigment before mixing. Skip that step and the finished wall carries droplet-shaped colour stains.

Surface character has two levers: aggregate size and ramming energy. A coarser surface comes from aggregate up to 20 mm with moderate ramming. A fine surface comes from aggregate capped at 10 mm with heavy ramming.

Testing and acceptance

A 2 × 2 m reference mock-up with eleven bands is built and approved before the permanent works begin. The approved mock-up governs colour, texture and band set-out — acceptance becomes objective rather than a discussion about taste.

For stabilised work: 28-day unconfined compressive strength of at least 8 MPa, tested on the mock-up and then at an agreed production frequency. This is a hold point, and the consultant signs it before permanent works proceed.

For unstabilised work, acceptance runs to NZS 4298: compressive strength of at least 1.3 MPa, flexural tensile of at least 0.25 MPa, linear shrinkage under 3%, and the whole-brick drop test during construction.

Unlimited samples

Before we build your wall, we will build you as many trial panels as it takes to arrive at the surface you want. That is a commercial commitment, not a courtesy — with rammed earth, the sample is the specification.

How a rammed earth wall gets built

Four stages, in order, and none of them can be skipped. The wall is made once, on site, and it cannot be corrected afterwards with a coating — which is why the sampling and the mock-up carry as much weight as the ramming itself.

Ramming in lifts on site at Kalba Beach, Sharjah. Video: Conmarble
01

Sampling

Mixes are trialled as blocks before anything is built. Aggregate, sand and the clay fraction are varied batch by batch, each block rammed in the same lifts as the wall so the strata read true. Colour is judged on the cured block in daylight, never on a screen.

Rammed earth site mock-up wall at Kalba Beach, Sharjah, at sunset with the specification board fixed to it 02

Site mock-up

A 2 x 2 m reference mock-up with eleven bands is built on site and signed off before permanent works begin. It fixes the colour sequence, the lift heights and the surface, and it becomes the standard the finished wall is measured against.

Crews in hi-vis on yellow H20 beam formwork at Kalba Beach, Sharjah, with the Gulf of Oman behind them 03

Shuttering

Formwork is engineered, not improvised. H20 beam shutters are set plumb and braced with raking props to take the outward force of compaction, and the panel layout decides where every joint and lift line will fall.

Long run of yellow H20 formwork with raking props at Kalba Beach, crews working along the top of the wall 04

Ramming

Earth goes in a shallow layer at a time and is compacted until the rammer note changes. That moment is the whole craft: too little and the lift is soft, too much and the band closes up. Then the next lift, and the next, up the height of the panel.

Acceptance testing to 8 MPa runs alongside the build, referencing New Zealand's earth building standards. The projects page shows the finished walls; send us your drawings and we will tell you what the wall needs.

Go deeper

In-situ Monolithic walls rammed on site, lift by lift. Precast panels Backed and un-backed, with the geometry each demands. Mix design Soil testing, trial mixes and the rules behind them. Testing and approval NZS 4298, hold points and the governing mock-up.

Warranty

Ten years.

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Featured projects

Built with this material, by our own artisans. Open the project for the full set of photographs and the story of the installation.

In-situ rammed earth walls in the courtyard of the UAE Pavilion, Expo 2023 Doha
UAE Pavilion, Expo 2023 Doha In-situ rammed earth — Gold Award, Best Self-Built Pavilion View the project →
Rammed earth mosque with a layered conical minaret at Al Kaaban Resort, Qatar, glowing at dusk
Al Kaaban Resort, Qatar In-situ rammed earth — guest buildings, mosque and boundary walls View the project →